Theory of Dispute Resolution - Dispute between Shylock and Antonio Essay

Theory of Dispute Resolution - Dispute between Shylock and Antonio (Merchant of Venice) - shew Example1 The play does not only have an entire scene depicting a courtroom trial that had been the prime source of enmity resolution in that era and this method is overly known as judicial proceeding, and play has also paved way for legal compend and Alternative Dispute Resolution. The term Alternative Dispute Resolution or ADR refers to a repertoire of mechanism that can substitute court trials and litigation efforts to resolve a dispute they for the most part think discussions between the disputant parties. 2 ADR is further subdivided into negotiation, mediation, arbitration or adjudication and ombudsmen schemes these methods are also known as out-of-court settlements and often entail the involvement of a third party to assess the situation and give their un preconceptioned opinions on the matter. Although, ADR methods cannot substitute courtroom trials or litigations in all matters but they are cost-effective and are less time consuming. ADR methods actually aim to eradicate the root or the main cause of dispute that enables the disputant parties to resolve their issue as healthily as possible without having any detrimental repercussions on any of the parties involved. It is important to understand that the procedures followed by each of the ADR methods is essentially the same, the only difference lies in the slaying of the final finding of facts. Hence, the decisions in a dispute are non-binding if they are made done mediation and negotiations3. On the former(a) hand, all decisions can either be binding or non-binding if they are made through arbitration and adjudication, respectively. It largely depends upon the agreement made with the third party. Arbitration is binding, the verdict is implemented whether the decision is sanctioned by either parties or not whereas, adjudication is non-binding and if the verdicts are not approved by the parties the n it is cancel and the parties can actually approach the court for a resolution. Thus, it can be deduced that for ADR methods to work, the entire process is largely contingent upon the willingness of the parties to establish a truce. In case, ADR fails to find a solution to the problem then litigation serves as a last resort method to aid the individuals in reaching an agreement. Adjudication or arbitration is often referred to as a private version of a courtroom trial but is a much more formal process than a court hearing. All of ADR methods parallel each other in many ways but there are certain differences that stem from how binding the verdict is and the degree of involvement of the third party in aiding the communication between the disputant individuals or groups. 4 For instance even mediation is a parallel of litigation in every way but there some very substantial differences in the way how things are assessed in a dispute. hostile litigation that is usually implemented in a ccordance with a legal principle, the guiding principles in mediation can be legal, moral or religious and it is up to the disputant parties to choose a method that fulfil the parties needs. Justice is brought about through two aspects the rudiments and the process through which those rudiments or standards are applied. It is apparent that adjudicative measures in resolving issues can result in a bias in the case and the justice arising from it is established using a specific line of thinking

Developing and Improving Skills to Achieve Success Essay

Developing and Improving Skills to Achieve Success - audition ExampleRelative to my strengths, it is noteworthy that I am allowing to work on them and mend on them sufficiently. I rely that proper training, exposing myself to useful literature and gathering self-belief and confidence in aspects, which I shoot in would be instrumental My paramount objective is set upon my accomplishments as I aim at pursuing a masters in business arrangement. I find myself in a position that requires me to apply various skills to attain success in my studies. Hence, my objective is to access diverse categories of resources that will improve my existing skills, catch new skills, and change my flaws to strengths. I plan to do this by demystifying the skills I possess, improving them and finding ways of nurturing the ones I do not possess. Next, I need to illustrate my flaws, format effort into the ways of turning them into strengths and useful skills. As I mentioned earlier, I have already se t all the skills, both weak and strong skills, and in two age time, I strongly believe I will obtain my objective. I am a fast learner and two years period is ample time for me to achieve my goals and put my skills to test. The following are my skills, both weak and strong, how I intend to improve on them and their usefulness in my life. Communication skill Communication is the act of transmission system information from one person to the other through various mediums. Communication needs qualities that act as a measure of how efficient one is in transmitting information to other people. I attend the discourse skill as one of my strong points. Whilst undertaking my course on international business, I was exposed to different resources on the contact procedure. International business involves people from different regions and different cultures alive(p) in the same business. In order to do so successfully, communication is a key skill that comes to play. This is because differ ent people have different cultural beliefs and different ways of communication. Hence, when one is communicating with different people one needs to learn about their culture. In my quest to achieve my objective, I plan to improve my communication skills in various ways. One is by structuring my thoughts in turn, I will be able to transmit verbally, well-structured information to the recipient (Barker 2010). Another area of interest that needs improvement to achieve a better communication skill is making better observations. In turn, this will enable me to develop confidence in what I say thus communicate efficiently. Regular summary processes on aspects, which I need to communicate is a way of improving my communication skills furthermore, it saves time. I will develop my communication skills by improving the constituting factors thus enhancing success (Condrill and Bough 1999). Number skill The number skill is crucial in diverse societal processes making it crucial as an individual intends to address diverse stipulated goals. Apparently, one of my flaws becomes plain in Mathematics I am poor in the discipline but one of my goals is to improve on my weaknesses and turn them into strengths, I will strategically develop my mathematics skill and use it in the future. Mathematics is a useful discipline when it comes to the study of the masters in business administration hence, it is one of my objectives to develop the skill (Nolting 2011).

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Journal - Essay Example6). In contrast, in the American culture, confidentiality and privacy are given up importance. Therefore, it is unacceptable to ask details about age, income, salary, or even personal details such as weight, among others. It is definitely uncomfortable for one to see or to experience people from other cultures behaving in ways perceived as unacceptable in one. For the particular example of public display of affection, people from Hesperian culture deem it normal and acceptable to shake hands, embracing each other, hugging, as a call attention of greeting or bidding goodbyes. The behavior, regarded as unacceptable in Arab culture, and even in some Asian culture, should be revealed and known in the Western culture so that people would understand how to properly hold in day to day interactions without offending other people from diverse cultural orientations. As indicated in Echo Depiction, Arabs quickly gain a negative impression if one (even a westerner) be establishs too clean with a person of the opposite sex.Arabs could interpret that sort of behavior by their standards and consider the person to have low moral standards (par. 5).

Reflection to ANMC Codes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Reflection to ANMC Codes - Assignment ExampleThe discomfort was not real unusual because initially all of the patients fed through the tube show some sort of or to some extent their distress. Mr. Luke however frequently moaned or placed his buy the farms on his stomach. His niece Martha came 24hrs after the origination of the g-tube and she was very displeased at the state of his uncles health and pain. She requested for the immediate removal of the tube, she utter she presumed it should have been removed after his admitting to the nursing home and he should have been fed by mouth, regular(a) though there was no surety that Mr. Luke would be able to take sufficient nutrition by mouth, the physician ordered to remove the tube. However I did not want to proceed to the procedure as it would definitely be damaging for the patients health and I am of the opinion that eachthing assertable that can be done to save a human life is necessary and every split second of a human life is n ecessary so it must be preserved and protected point of those who are terminally ill or near demolition. According to Mr. Lukes guardian I was conscionable making the dying. process prolong and all of the staff cited the right of the patient to decline the treatment and the nurses should decide to reduce the pain of the patient even if that set off a dying process, so the headmaster ethics side with Mr. Luke and Marthas conclusiveness. ... the satisfactory part for me was just the comforting thought that I was not involved in causing the pain nor was I part of the team that was making a decision which took him to the brim of life. The livelyity of the situation is what a nurse ought to do. If treatment is the cause of pain then death or initiation of dying process is a pain itself, so why not dependable the life or else then letting one die. Collaborative and Therapeutic Practice I was in the critical care unit in St. Vincent Hospital, Sydney and I received a call from a Mr s. alley and she said she was the wife of the patient admitted in the ICU, she asked me whether her husband was still in the unit and what his status was?. Although I was tempted to help the lady so worried about her husbands condition but harmonize to the competency standards I was not allowed legally to give away patients confidential status or any information so I refused the lady to talk on phone about the condition rather visit in person. I later felt bad about the situation and thought that I did not do the right thing as she might have been in any critical situation but then I was a nurse fulfilling my duties as required. On the other hand I could have gone to Mr. Street and should have asked him his permission to disclose his condition and then recount his wife. Although if necessary as if the patient is unable to permit the disclosure of his condition then a executive program could be involved in the situation as well because best working relationships require rude comm unication with your supervisor which may become handy at the situations like these. Provision and Coordination of Care Sonia was 50 year old woman admitted to

Inter-Global Medicare Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Inter-Global Medicare Entrepreneurship - Essay ExampleAny business dissemble demands critical economic analysis for its survival amidst the other numerous entrepreneurs in the same fast(a). In that respect, Inter-Global Medicare briny goal is to provide the best prescription practice of medicine to our clients at the most affordable prices in the market. The cut-rate sale of the drug would be at reduced prices through careful maintenance of efficiency in the operations of the firm and by aiming specific market segments especially those who pay for the prescribed medicine themselves. By guidance on this segment the firm will avoid inefficiencies and operational disruptions that are characterized by unsteady cash-flows and wherefore eliminate supply shortages. Inter-global Medicare plans to operate from one store that is to serve both mail order customers and those who image the facility in person. The firm seeks to thrive through employment of friendlier and skilled staff, which in combination with our big(p) prices is set to propel the repeat business that will be reliable. The firm expects that as the price of medication continues to rise, Inter-Global Medicare will be appealing more and more the clientele sense of value, affordability and convenience. The firms advertising, mainly through the ads in magazines targeted by a relatively greater crowd, will be aiming at those who seek to save bills on high price but necessary and regular expenses. Inter-global Medicare entrepreneurs will be led by Experienced PHD holder in the field of medicine and with an accumulated wealth of experience in relevant field not less than five years. The cost of the entire venture will be lessen by maintaining just a few pharmacists and filling the remaining gaps with pharmaceutical technicians. In so doing, the firm expects to reach profitability by third year and will generate substantial sales by mid of the same year. 1.1. Background Information The central issue of foc us in this proposal is to afford the best remedial medication against the menace of obesity. This problem has been gaining momentum of the past centuries and is headed to ruin the better check of the coming generation. The increased nutritional imbalances and inadequate physical exercise has been blamed on this health matter. in time there are other unidentified factors attached to it that has not been given critical analysis so as to come up with an all round measure. It has also been noted that some of the medical measures that had been unquestionable to curb this condition withstand failed woefully in different ways. virtually of them like the fenfluramine and phentermine were found to have overwhelming side effects and this rendered them ineffective to combat the threat of obesity in the confederation (King & Nuala 67-72). Some other medical discoveries like Thyroid extract was tried but its effects on the bones, muscles and the internality were prohibitively dangerous l eading to a consequential medical gap. It is out of this need by the society that Inter-Global Medicare entrepreneurs has invested resources to come up with an obesity treatment that would see the menace reduce by more than fractional by the year 2030. 1.2.0. Population Affected Obesity is taking toll among the young generation and part among women. This group of people is highly exposed to this condition due to their uncontrolled feeding habits, minimal or no exercise. The global statistics presents a high population of the young

The Sale of Human Organs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Sale of tender Organs - Research Paper ExampleThis research will begin with the statement that Legalisation of the sales event of human organs may seem absurd and weird to some people based on their own different ideologies. However, to some people, it seems very bring forth and they find no problem with it. This is what has in that respectfore brought a huge controversy on the issue of merchandising human organs. Satz states that arguments ache been raised so farthest to relieve the two sides but it is not clear what stand should prevail. What can be traced from history is that on the whole people find the donation of human organs to be something divine but on the contrary, find the sale of human organs to be a sinful act. In regards to this controversy, there are, however, plenty of arguments to justify the sale of human organs. These arguments, by all means, try to reveal the need and advantage of permitting people to net the sale of their organs in open markets witho ut all questioning or any restriction of any kind at all. As much as most countries may hold their laws on the illegality of selling human organs, the laws have no power at all given the fact that people have the free will to make a sale on their sperms and reproductive nut. Sperms and reproductive female eggs are parts of a human system too and people are allowed to sell them. Hughes argues that there must be no reason to forbid people from selling other organs of their body like liver and kidney. After all, for any human being to decide to sell their organs, it must be out of their own free will and consent.

Companys Distribution System Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Companys Distribution System - Math Problem ExampleTotalForth Worth 22,05025,86413,4199,196-----70,529 Santa Fe ----29,988----29,988 Las Vegas -----21,7359,90028,31416,50276,451 Total 22,05025,86413,4199,19629,98821,7359,90028,31416,502176,968 3. If the company can directly deliver from the plants to the customer zones, thereby by passing scattering centers, the estimated savings will be $47,904.4. Given the existing forecasted demand in the near future, there is an additional capacity of 8,740 meters, and the anticipate moderate growth of the North and West customer zones of 5,000 meters over the next quint years I dont recommend an immediate expansion of the plants. What I recommend is expansion after threesome years, just virtually the time the excess capacity will be overtaken by the growth in demand.Given the above, I recommend the following actions which will significantly improve dispersion efficiency and drop distribution costsAssign distribution centers to customer zo nes according to which center can deliver with the to the lowest degree cost. For example, Santa Fe is currently serving Denver, salinity Lake City and Phoenix zones wherein the Las Vegas center can serve some(prenominal) Salt Lake City and Phoenix zones at a...The details of this cost are presented in the tables below and on the next page.4. Given the existing forecasted demand in the near future, there is an excess capacity of 8,740 meters, and the anticipated moderate growth of the North and West customer zones of 5,000 meters over the next five years I dont recommend an immediate expansion of the plants. What I recommend is expansion after three years, just about the time the excess capacity will be overtaken by the growth in demand.Assign distribution centers to customer zones according to which center can deliver with the least cost. For example, Santa Fe is currently serving Denver, Salt Lake City and Phoenix zones wherein the Las Vegas center can serve both Salt Lake City and Phoenix zones at a much cheaper distribution cost.Allow direct distribution to customer zones from plants whenever costs savings resign such. The simulated distribution from San Bernardino to Los Angeles and San Diego, and El Paso to San Antonio projected a savings of almost $50,000.In conclusion, cost savings are very short term oriented. The company must also think about the repair of its distribution strategy decisions on its customer relationship.

Technology Ethics In the Classroom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Technology Ethics In the Classroom - Essay ExampleThe imposition of morality in the classroom however calls for application of certain restrictions. This means that the connectivity to the internet should be dependent and should be available only to authorized manipulationrs. Recommendations A double edged sword in the form of cardinal parallel policies is most likely to work for the problem of unethical wont of technology in the classrooms. The sharp impositions of rules and policies have proven effectiveness but the efforts to invoke sense of responsibility works much more effectively. The forceful strategy may comprise of the following, MAC address based device connectivity. IP see for security breach. Usage of appropriate UTM (Unified Threat Management) systems. A class based forum like connectivity for countersign with the classmates. Provision of master console to the teacher/instructor to monitor individual activity like messaging. Jammers for GPRS or GSM (ph in tegrity service based) connectivity. Some schools distribute written material on responsible computing before granting license to students to access the schools network services. Children are often asked to pass an online quiz in site to prove that they have learnt and understood the basic criteria at which they are authorized the usage of technological devices. This is one basic effort that can be done in order to make the students responsible for either actions that they would commit otherwise. The role of school counselors is very important for the ethical brought up of students. This role is non restricted to the ethics of class rooms only. The parents of the students must also be counseled for a collaborative effort. A industrious course in ethics would not be... This paper approves that technology has both pros and cons associated with it. Most of the schools attempting to incorporate the use of technology within them seem to overlook the cons that are accompanied with it. It is because of this very reason that they dont seem to have either plans, in order to curb the side effects of the effort that is beingness incorporated for the embedding of technology in them.The role of technology in the enhancement of learning is beyond any doubt, but just as the steering of a car cannot be handed over to would be drivers before they get their license, similarly the juveniles cannot be left with technologically advanced equipment without any checks or restrictions.This fib makes a conclusion that among all the technological provisions connectivity to the internet is of utmost importance. The ethical and responsible usage of this technology is extremely necessary for everyone. The importance of internet in learning is beyond any doubts and its availableness in educational institutions is essential. However students need to be counseled morally so that they may employ this speediness in a responsible manner. Along with the forceful checks and impositions the school counselors must also counsel the students. They should, not only guide the students towards the beneficial usage of technology but they should counsel the parents as well. This may resurrect a long lasting sense of responsibility in adolescents as compared to the timely effect inculcated via restrictions.

Companies entering into contract Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Companies entering into contract - Case acquire ExampleRight before signing the contract, there was no fitting consultation by the client for proper requirements of the project this was the first cause of the failure. Also contributing to the failure were the poor mechanisms to track the march on of the project by both parties. Furthermore, there was no clause to cater for arising issues and amendment of the contract. This resulted in lack of proper measures to solve many issues that were arising, leading to eventual failure of the project. Before signing contracts, there should be unadulterated consultations between concerned parties to avoid making errors that may result in losses to the companies involved. All employees should spang the laws guiding professional ethical and ensure that they honor them for their own benefit, as well as that of the come with as a whole. Keywords Contract, Guilt, Agreement, Sign, Project, Measures, Consultation, Client, Developer Legal Directi ons that the Involved Parties should seduce Adopted The failures that have been associated with this contract provide abounding evidence that the agreement between the package developer and the client beau monde was incomplete. The various evidences of inappropriate organise by either party symbolize the lapse in honoring the contract. There were also a pot of gaps left during the initial formulation of the contract, which encouraged the misconduct. It is important to define users requirements during the signing of contract. Right from the onset, the client should have involved the IT department in the process of issuing out the contract, since the product that was to be developed falls under their area of specialization therefore they understand the requirements better. For example, the IT department could have challenged the vendors on various issues relating to the software that was to be developed, and were best suited to probe the developers on all matters relating to th e operation of the software. Another failure caused by the client is the failure to involve operational performance in the contract this should have been the main nonplus of the software. This is because the contract was too open. Each party failed to know the real role of the software. In particular, any allowance should be based on the performance of the item, and the various stages of payment should go travel by in hand with functionality of the project. To handle this well, the contract should involve a clause to demand the vendor to provide the software design, so it could act as a guideline during each phase of the software development. Action taken towards the two External Contractors Following the unlawful conduct of the employees whose employment was contract based, the company should have taken arsehole disciplinary action, because their conduct led to loss of confidence on the company by the client. This happened soon after the two contracted employees met with the c lient. Though it may not be clear what they discussed, actions speak louder than words. The client company pulled out of the contract and as a result, Dag Brucken (DB) incurred a lot of losses, including the loss of time and finance invested in the project. The greatest offence that these two employees are held liable for is revealing a companys secret, whose result was loses to the company. Legal action that could be taken against them includes being taken to a court of law, so that they would face prosecution in reference to employees code of conduct and mode of conduct their conduct was in contrast to the companys policies. Ethical actions comprise the termination of their employment, and subsequent charges made upon them to punish the losses incurred by the company, due to their gross misconduct. DB Company

Supply chain management plan in construction project Coursework

write out chain management plan in construction project - Coursework ExampleIn the new multi-storey railway car park, emphasis is placed on the reduction of the inventory costs, by the bye availing of the construction items without delay of the required goods, least(prenominal) manpower wastage entailed in the process and professional management of the process. The plan dwells heavily on the design of the inventories, frankincense creating a tightly controlled and regulated intrinsic inventories, proper and timely distribution of items, proper management of the internal crossingion processes, and augmented communication between the store-keeping and constructions processes. The SCM) plan for the construction industry has huge consideration for the structural construction technique applied. For client CPI who has some of the contractors readily assigned and other yet to be vetted for tackling of the construction process it is highly relevant for the enacting of the entire constr uction plan.Facilitation of raw material logistics and movements begins from their various sources. isolated from pre-cast concrete that ICP manufactures at its plants other materials are supplied from their different source points. The standardization process from the ICP gives the ICP great take to of the quality generated from structural strength and durability of the materials. ICP finds it hard to assign to the contractor design and manufacture of the precast since the skill is little in the west Yorkshire. The precast also demands effectual time and duration to regain well in a specific environment before use. All the materials will be collect at collection or storage points in the designed place in the facility. Proper and timely financing operations and excellent information gathering will lead into allocation of contracts to least and effective bidders to aid in having the low cost materials. According to the provided building projects deadline procedures or timeline m anagement every product will be

Police problem solving techniques in Chicago Research Paper

police force problem solving techniques in Chicago - Research Paper ExampleSo a apt(p) technique may apply to one section of the community and not the other. This paper leave encounter at the problem of graffiti in Chicago and how the police have tried to combat it. It will describe the problem, provide statistical evidence, the situation on the ground and how it is being dealt with and what can be do to prevent the problem from occurring.A group of related incidents or an ongoing situation that concerns a crucial portion of those who live or work in a particular area. A problem is a persistent and more than likely will not be solved without some type of intervention, particularly between law enforcement and the community. Not all problems are serious criminal matters, but the police should serve to community concerns (p. 126).Therefore community problems are many and do not necessarily need to be matters criminal in nature. Community problems are not only matters of concern to the law enforcers but too to the community and they should be differentiated from incidents. A problem can be identified by the typical of the victim, the location of occurrence, the behavior of the offender, the condition of the victim or the time of the day/week or month in relation to a special event.The problem of graffiti in Chicago has been persistent for instead a long period of time. Graffiti cannot be singled out as a crime as such but is a society menace. It is defined as a variety of markings, etchings and drawing which in their nature spoil public or private property (Battle, 2006). Graffiti is a form of intercourse used by gangs it is used to mark territory, and often will list the names and nicknames of the gang members, bear gangster attitudes and talk of current events in a given society.Scholars in the area of crime legal profession have identified a number of categories in which to classify various kinds of paintings and

Guest Lecture Response Paper #+ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Guest Lecture Response Paper + - Essay ExamplePopulation growth has increase overtime effectively leading to upsurge in individuals in the urban settings. John Mandyck noted that it was primal to embark on building strategies that ensure sustainability in terms of environmental well-being and reduction in energy consumption.Building physical structures should be conscious about environmental well-being. The basis of John Mandyck was enhancing environmental sustainability by venturing into green housing facilities. Physical structures that be built in the modern dispensation should have a focus on energy saving(a). Johns point of departure was that every building should consider environmental sustainability by raising physical structures that are keen on effective energy consumption.There are a number of things that were learned from the presentation in so far as sustainable development in construction is concerned. It is definitive to consider building from a multi-dimensional pe rspective. Case in point is that while it is important to consider the design and the structure of a building, it is essential to think about green facilities during construction. Additionally, energy saving is a critical component in building physical structures, and it is essential to ensure that the materials used are effective in meeting the objectives of sustainability in building. Most of the buildings consume up to 40% of the energy. However, the emergence of various(a) technologies has effectively reduced consumption.The result addresses a number of safety and health issues. To begin with, carbon emissions and alter plant emanating from the buildings pose a danger to a number of people. Consequently, carbon emissions to the atmosphere are an environmental hazard. The topic fundamental offers solutions towards dealing with the safety and health issues. Appropriate technologies are effective in reducing tendencies of heating in

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SMALL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION AND NURSING INTERVENTIONS Essay

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SMALL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION AND nurse INTERVENTIONS APPLIED TO NURSING PRACTICE - Essay ExampleThe consequence is failure of the materials in the intestines to move outside the body for secretion. This style that materials such as stool, waste fluids, and gases accumulate in the intestines and often lead to critical health chassis as the buildup strains the small intestines. This identifies the role of nursing in ensuring a healthy society at individual, family, and common levels through aw atomic number 18ness for preventive measures and treatment and post treatment initiative for effective recovery from personal effects of small catgut obstruction. Nursing roles include care provision, educating the public on preventive and management measures against diseases and their symptoms, counseling, and clinical approaches towards a healthy society. This scope demands nurses knowledge of health complications such as causes, symptoms, effects, diagnosis, and treatment mea sures. This paper institute background knowledge of small bowel obstruction through reviewing vexing bowel syndrome, its anatomy and physiology, its epidemiology and lab tests and diagnostics for excluding other conditions, its emotional effects on patients, interventions measures, and significance of these information nursing practice. Anatomy and physiology of irritable bowel syndrome Irritable bowel syndrome is characterized by pain and change in bowel movements because of abnormal massiveness contraction and expansion. It is majorly associated with the large intestines but extends to the small intestines. The large intestines form the last section of the digestive corpse and forms about six feet. It is also called the large bowel and is made up of the caecum, colon, rectum, and anus (Canadian pubic louse Society, 2013, p. 1). Colon and rectum are the major sections of the large bowel. There are four sections of the colon. The first section is the ascending colon that enjo ins the cecum and moves upwards towards the leaver where it connects to the transverse colon that runs horizontally towards the spleen. The transverse colon is located at the upper section of the abdomen and joins with the descending colon that runs downwards, on the left side of the abdomen, and connects to the sigmoid colon. The sigmoid colon connects to the rectum that ends the lower bowel at the anal canal (Allen and Harper, 2011 Canadian genus Cancer Society, 2013). The major sections of the lower bowel, the colon, and rectum piss similar structural composition that is identified from their component tissues. The inner most layer of the rectum and the colon is the mucous membrane that consists of epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa (Canadian Cancer Society, 2013, p. 1). The propria is an integrating tissue while the muscularis mucosa is rich in muscles. After the mucosa in a layer of submucosa that is rich in connective tissues, glands, blood vessels, lymphati c vessels, and nerves (Canadian Cancer Society, 2013, p. 1). A layer of muscles follows this before the outer layer that exist only in the colon, serosa (Canadian Cancer Society, 2013). Both colon and rectum absorbs nutrients from digested food into the body. They also absorb water and offer a passage for settlement of waste products. This however occurs in steps and at different sections of the colon and the rectum. Digestion of food from the small bowel is completed in the colon with the

Certain rules and regulations related to the commercial domain Essay

Certain rules and regulations related to the commercial domain - Essay ExampleThis study looks into fairness as the rule that the society will enforce. The popular opinion of law has been used by several aspects ilk economic activities, such as production and consumption, social activities, such as social integration and relationship, just now the most important aspect is related to the business or the commercial activities. In this context the notion of business law has been used. The role of the competition commission where the soulfulness is working can be depict by the Competition Act that has been introduced in 1998 under the UK law act. The competition commission is a element corpse of the competition and regulatory responsibilities under UK law. The competition commission is part of the competition law of the UK. The competition commission is public body that is characterised as a non-departmental organisation. The commission was started as an independent body by the a ct of 1998 by replacing the Monopolies and Mergers Commission on 1999. The commission is aimed at conducting in-detail investigations intoMergers (which are both anticipated or completed), Markets (which is related to the scale monopolies and monopoly practices) Regulations (including price regulations and industry regulations etc.). These are the major roles of the commission where the person works as a trainee. The role of the commission is to investigate those above mentioned practices and activities and to refer these investigations to the Office of bazar Trade (OFT). The commission cannot initiate any investigation unless it receives reference by another authority. The commission is trustworthy for taking decisions regarding the mergers and market and for providing remedial measures to industries. These remedial measures are related to the adverse effects which are or can be obtained by mergers and consumers or producers in the market. After completing its investigation the commission produces a report regarding the investigation and its associated results and submits this to the concerned authority and hence, provides remedial measures or decisions (Competition Commission General Advice and Information, 2006, p.7). The commission conducted a study on Public Enterprises, Government Policy and Impact on Competition Indian rock oil Industry on reference by Indicus Analytics Pvt. Ltd. The objective of the study was to examine the nature of competition in Petroleum Refining. The study showed that there is monopoly in the domestic market and suggested that to introduce competition in the market, it is requisite to lift restrictions on imports (Public Enterprises, Government Policy and Impact on CompetitionIndian Petroleum Industry, 2009) on a lower floor the Competition Act 1998, 50 public trains were fined for fee fixing by OFT. These schools include Eton and Harrow. Each school was ordered to pay a fine of ? 10000. Around 40000 students who attended between 2001 and 2004 were supposed to beneficiaries (Smithers, 2006). 2. What are monopolies, mergers and cartels? Monopolies, mergers and cartels are the form of economic organisations where one or very few producers produce homogeneous products. A monopoly is defined as the market structure where only one producer or firm produces and supplies a special product to all the customers of that product. In the UK market for postal service, the Royal Mail had a 350

COMPANY LAW 402 ASSIGNMENT Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

COMPANY LAW 402 - Assignment ExampleWe instituted sanctioned research into this matter with a view of determining the suitability and legality of starting a show Framing vocation in Australia. We believe this goes towards the very crux of your matter. Further, we would like to state that our services apprise merely be of a legal nature on this matter. It is your debt instrument to seek out capable professionals who will assess the proposed business venture while looking at its location and profitability in order to determine whether it will be a going concern. Due Diligence It would be remise of our duty as consultants if we did not advice you that it is your duty look into the financial and commercial aspects of this business venture. This is because a business wherever it is instituted motivatings to have a strong financial basis that will see its survival and development. This should be done so as to avoid a situation where you have overlooked the financial aspects of thi s venture. That would be catastrophic. You should undertake this research through professional help. Ownership Before starting on any business, you need to determine whether or not the partnership coordinate is right for the particular company, decide what name the company is to assume, its mode of operation, the legal obligations that are assumed by the company, getting the requisite consents and finally registering the company (Commission). As discussed with you a summary of the proposed corporate structure has been prepared. It should be reviewed carefully and approved by your accountant. Australian virtue provides for the structuring of any business in four ways. 1. Sole trader an individual trading on their deliver 2. Partnership an association of people or entities carrying on a business together, but not as a company 3. Trust an entity that holds property or income for the benefit of others 4. Company a legal entity split up from its shareholders. Sole Trader Looking at the business of a doctor trader, one realizes that the same is entered into by one owner. This owner gets the benefit of directly transacting with his clientele thereby creating a trust as amid the business and the clientele. The tax obligations related to this business are subject to the personal rates of the business (Government). The only major disadvantage of this enterprise is that the owner is personally liable for the business liabilities of the company. This opens up the owner to lawsuits that are consequent from the company as the company is not a separate legal entity. A sole trader cannot also share the burden of management and costs with any other person (Lawyers). In relation to the Picture Framing business, you both want to be co-owners of the enterprise. This in effect renders this business structure nugatory as far as your proposed enterprise is concerned. Trust The other business enterprise that is provided for in Australia is in the nature of a Trust. A Trust is defined to be a business where the regent conducts business for the benefit of certain beneficiaries. This in effect means that at all times the regent can only conduct business that is in the interest of the beneficiaries. The advantages of Trusts are that it minimizes the tax that is levied on the business as the income from the business can be directed at the beneficiary with the lowest income thereby

Professionalism in Education and its Impact on Teachers Essay

Professionalism in schooling and its Impact on Teachers - Essay ExampleThis study stresses thatan educators pursuit for excellence is unflinching by his professional competence, preparation, knowledge of the subject and his learn skills. Professionalism has caused profound changes in educational structure and the bulks concept of education. According to this view the professionalism of a teacher can be assed by tercet important ideas like preparation, knowledge of subject area, and defined pedagogy. Preparation means a professional would score his class room in spite of all adversities. He would break all barriers with effective teaching techniques. Along with the preparation a professional teacher with his wide range of knowledge would help the students to witness the material being taught.This research highlights thatthe Higher Education Act of 2004 was a remarkable step towards achieving professionalism in education. The 2004 Act was intended to integrate the educational ac tivities and concepts under a unique regulation. This Act makes furnish virtually research in the arts and humanities and about complaints by students against institutions providing higher education to make provision about fees payable by students in higher education to provide for the appointment of a coach of Fair Access to Higher Education to make provision about grants and loans to students in higher or further education to limit the jurisdiction of visitors of institutions providing higher education and for connected purposes.

Speech on Friendship Essay Example for Free

Speech on Friendship EssayIf you think about it, though, we should embrace dismissal back to school. When the day comes that in that respects no school to go back to, well miss it more(prenominal) than we think. There is no other time in our lives where well experience anything like what were experiencing now. Never once again go away your supergest worries in life be about that science homework you didnt finish, or why Amirul is ignoring you, or the horrible possibility of getting a pimple every Monday . Never again will you be a part of a community where an board difference of a year matters so much, and the moving up a grade, from junior to senior, seems so significant.I assume some advice . Whether you stepped in , in this school this morning as an incoming freshman , or as a five eld student or as a returning to school after 2 weeks of absence , echo this denting today , i always remember the words in a cartoon depiction Chicken little , that is every day is new day , every 1 has those first day butterflies. Who isnt crazy about grades, teachers, drama, or even getting to school on time? The best way to start a new school day right is to be prepared. Here are some tips to function you to make today and everyday as your best one yet .Wake up early, tag your goals , meet new people , get involved , get organized and the most important is to have a positive attitude . Dear friends , Our secondary school years are the defining generation in our lives that shape who we are, where we are going, and what we are going to do. Aside from this, they allow us to build strengthened friendships with people. We get to see which people are going to be there for the rest of our lives and those who will incisively disappear over the years. A friend is someone who is there for you, through it all. Through the pressure, boys, and drama, they are the one constant thing in your life that never fades away.I have realized at age eighteen that friends are n ot something you should take lightly, if we have found even just a pit of friends we are blessed. They are the people that we sing our lungs out in the car singing Set awaken to the rain, the people we cry to, and the most importantly the people who will always have a shoulder to lean on. It is important to evaluate your relationships with your friends. You can see if they are the people you can go to with anything or if they are just another face in the crowd when you have a sedate issue going on.Secondary school is the defining time in our life to find ourselves and go away loose from our shells Lastly , Nowhere else but in school is there such a community. For disdain the separation between grades, despite the clear distinction that comes with being juniors, and seniors, high schools have such a sense of school unity. While to us the grades were in make a difference, in the big picture every student at your school belongs to the same institution, is unified under the same na me, is roused up by the same mascot at football games and collaborates to beat other schools in sports and academics.Secondary school is a wonderfully unique experience that many dont appreciate until its too late. So instead of dreading the return to school in holidays at the end of the year, get excited about it. desire all of our parents and teachers like to tell us, you only go to high school once. In conclusion , Sure, theres been sadness, mistakes, and let downs, but you cant forget the good times, and you cant give the sack the photographs you took. Secondary school is an experience. I believe we should all make the most of it. May Smk Skudai will be the greatest memory of all .

The Idea of Happiness in “I Served the King of England” by Bohumil Hrabal Essay Example for Free

The Idea of Happiness in I Served the poof of England by Bohumil Hrabal Es stateI Served the King of England by Bohumil Hrabal is a tragicomic novel, a get-go- mortal account by Dite, a teenage busboy starting his career in a rural hotel in Czechia. The plan progresses gradu each(prenominal)y as Dite functions a waiter and than an owner of a hotel, in conclusion losing e genuinelything except wisdom.The defy is coordinate as a series of picturesque episodes demonstrating people whom Dite meets and situations he gets into during the pre-war design, Nazi occupation of the country and eventually under the communist regime. In this paper I am going to concentrate on one and single(a) psychological aspect of the novel, attainly on the head of blessedness as Dite considers it.At first sight, Dite sees happiness in cash and insists on his desire to become a millionaire, however, I will attempt to invoke that the actual incentive for Dites conduct is desire of respect an d recognition. He does not want the accurate world to admire him, rather striving to respect of the people whom he himself respects. It is not easy to say whether Dite eventually achieved his purpose, plainly at the end he at least(prenominal) comes to reconciliation with the surrounding world. In order to prove this point I will refer to the particular parts of the texts as soundly as to the general plot and spirit of the script.Dite obviously suffers from inferiority complex. He is adulterate, poor and short, so, suffering from all the disadvantages of such situation, he decides to become rich and respected. However, his conduct is often impulsive and determined by his up-to-minute desires. The book merchant ship be viewed as a confession of an aged man who analyses his living journey.The language of the book progresses from a nave story-telling by a young boy to a considered narrative depicted by older Dite. His priorities can be clearly indicated in every stage of his li fe history. Dite hardly thinks of happiness as itself, for most of his life he rather strives to tread in the steps of the people he meets and whom he deems to be successful. He is amazed at how rich people could sit virtually for the whole even out talking about how just outside the town was a footbridge and honorable beside the footbridge, thirty old age back thither was a popular tree and they theyd really get going1. He starts to realize the need of happiness as such at the very late stage of his life, trance all his previous existence is a mimicry.Dites love for money reveals already in the first scenes of the book. As a busboy he swindles money out of his customers and pretends to be an orphan to get more than cash from compassionate passengers on the railroad station. At that he seems to be a cynical person with little moral principles. However, he also has no good example before his eyes, as he has to communicate with drunken customers, heartless master of the hotel an d roguish colleagues. So, very early he comes to idea that money rules the world, and in order to be recognized one needs to be rich. He is t here(predicate)fore very proud of having money of my own, a couple of hundred a month, and once I even got reach a thousand-crown note2. In this period of Dities life money is an probability of self-esteem for him. very(prenominal) soon it can be observed that money as itself is not a purpose for Dite. He has little idea of how capitals are made and he is not interested in power given by money. What he wants is a gold life like that of which he hears from his older pals and like that he finds in Prague. The lavish and careless lifestyle of the pre-war Czech capital becomes his ideal, and he merely wants to enjoy this life in a company of the same playboys. He wanted to be surrounded by millionaires3. beingness a rather fussy person, Dite becomes lofty when he has an opportunity to remind that he is a waiter who served the King of England. It was not actually the King of England, but an emperor of Ethiopia whom Dite served, but he does not stand an opportunity to brag a little, because this is a moment of his greatest glory.This moment is so important, that Hrabal used it as a name of the book. The narrative is told in the name of old and wise Dite, who, perhaps, realizes the meaninglessness of his claim, so the name is a sharp self-irony. On the other hand, Dite really has nothing more to boast, because serving the King was a point if his highest social recognition, which was so important for young Dite and which is so unimportant for older Dite.Whether consciously or not, Dite attempts to imitate the habits of his neighborhood, and works hard to make enough money to visit a local bordello, of which he hears so much. Further through with(predicate)out the story relationship with women and sexual intercourses remain to be a pissed incentive for him, although his marriage ends with tragedy and disgrace, bringing his to jail, social condemnation and exile.Women are a genial of smutty temptation for Dite, another tool for his self-affirmation and another source of his disappointment. Hrabal uses the story of Dites relationships with women as a famous symbol of hic characters frustration. Dite has a strong desire for women, although this is also rather an attempt to be similar to someone, than his natural need.As an teenage boy he is kin on having at least some woman, yet intercourses with local prostitutes do not satisfy him. Later in Prague he seems to be close to the goal of his life as he marries Lise and makes plans to open his own hotel. This dream would be innocent, in case Lise was not a German activist, and the plot would not develop right before and right after the Munich treaty. German occupation is a turning point in Dites life. This is actually the period when his awakening begins. Humiliation by the German authorities, work in the Nazi research institute, and finally Lises death during the air raid makes Dite see an another kind of example in the people around him. He really never finds the head4, and it is somehow his own head.Dite is in fact a weathercock. He hardly cares of the fact that he collaborates with the occupants of his homeland. For him the Germans are just those who are currently on top, and another opportunity to become successful under a new regime. And if he has to prove that he is a gauzy Aryan bring forth, and if he has to work on production of even better Aryan breed, and if he is able to make money by selling the precious things confiscated from murdered Jews, so wherefore not?Further events are a sort of punishment for his vagrancies. He loses his wife, he loses hope for luxurious and easy-going life, and he loses even those crumbs of social recognition which he previously enjoyed5. Dites entire world is ruined, and there is no hope on rebirth. At the second part of the novel Dite becomes that what he was at the set-back nothing. The illusions of happiness dispel bringing him to the beginning of a new way.Perhaps the entire story is Dites attempt of self-analysis. He revisits the situations of his life, trying to imagine how he would excite acted in case he would have acted differently. There is no longer opportunity for changing those circumstances, and there is no way back, so the only resort he can afford is fatalistic wisdom in his new calm life in a frontier village, far from all what he previously so estimated.Eventually, he does become a millionaire, at least the name of the books last chapter hints this. Yet it is an another kind of richness. His material wealth at the end is a small house, a cat and a goat, but he feels himself richer than he could ever imagine. The unbelievable that came true stayed with me, and I believed in the unbelievable, in the star that had followed me through life, and with its gleam constantly before my eyes I began to believe in it more and moreat once that I had been br ought to my knees, I realized that my star was brighter than ever, that only now would I be able to see its true brightness, because my eyes had been weakened by everything I had lived through, weakened so that they could see more and drive in more.6It is in this passage where the real nature of happiness in Dites view reveals. Having no idea of actual happiness he tries many surrogates, before all of them are ruined and he can smile ironically looking back at his life of a person who served the King of England and here he can just take compassion on that older Dite, who spared his life hunting for unavailing mirages. He was just to eager to become successful, too eager to be rich, too eager to be pleased, while happiness was something different.Works Cited1. Hrabal, Bohumil. I Served the King of England. Vintage, 1990.

Hyundai Motors Essay Example for Free

Hyundai Motors showHyundai Motor Company (hereafter, HMC) formed in 1967, was a part of the South Korean Chaebol the Hyundai Group. In the polish four decades, HMC managed to establish itself as a close to prominent automaker producing reliable, goodly sound and posh travels and commercial vehicles.Headquartered in Seoul, South Korea, HMC opened a tender chapter in the history of the Korean self-propelling effort by exporting its first proprietary model, the Pony, to Ecuador in 1976. In the 1980s, HMC exported the Excel to the U. S. In 1991, HMC achieved scientific independence by developing the first propriety engines and trans representations. Currently HMC has 78,539 employees around the conception works in eight manufacturing plants, 12 RD centers, 5,300 dealerships and gross sales agreements companies, and CKD plants. As of 2010, HMC established as a global automaker that produces more than than three million high-quality passenger and commercial vehicles for sale in 190 countries each(prenominal) year.By enhancing betray image through high quality products and unique marketing initiatives, once again, HMC is the first and the only Korean automaker to be listed in the Top 100 Global Brands in 2010 by telephone circuit calendar week and Inter- taint since it first entered the Top 100 Global Brands in 2005.Revenue and ProfitIn spite of the unforgiving uncertainties in recent business conditions, HMC achieved some significant milestones in automaker markets in the past fewer years. In 2009, HMC succeeded in selling 2.4 million vehicles overseas, a meaningful accomplishment considering the global economic crisis. In particular, Elantra, Genesis, Genesis Coupe, Santa Fe, and Veracruz were recognized as the best sales and safest railway cars in their categories by leading agencies and the media in the US, in like manner, HMC achieved accumulative export sales of 1 million cars in Africa. HMC pledges continuous maturation by maximisin g brand value in positive markets and expanding its sales capacity in emerging markets.In 2009, HMC posted 31,859 meg KRW in sales. Operating utilitys increased by 19% to 2,235 billion KRW. The operating profit gross profit margin increased by 1.19% to 7.02%. Net profit surged by 104.5% to 2,962 billion KRW and HMCs total assets increased by 12% to 22,029 billion KRW. Despite increased sales and profits, tax payments to the central and regional government decreased due to corporate tax cuts and increased tax exemptions associated with increased RD investings.(Source 2010 Sustainability Report, Based HMC consummation result only, * EBITDA =EBIDTA lettuce before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization)In 2009, HMC jumped to third on the list of Fortune Korea Top 20 Korean companies and generated 91.46 trillion won in revenue, up 14.7 percent from the year 2008 and 2.97 trillion won in win profit, up 246.7 percent (Source www. koreatimes.co.kr).In 2010, HMC announced g lobal sales of 3,612,487 units (house servant plants 1,730,682, overseas plants 1,881,805). Sales revenue come up 15.4 percent to 36.8 trillion won from a year earlier as the company sold more cars and improved its product mix, while operating profit also rose 44.4% to 3.2 trillion won. Net profit increased 77.8 percent to 5.3 trillion won. Hyundai aims to increase sales and enhance brand image in 2011 by introducing current models specific tout ensembley designed for local customers.In the next decade, HMC leave continue in its crusade to become a leading global automaker company through driving growth the suppuration of best eco-friendly vehicles. HMC is try to develop environmentally friendly vehicles including hybridisation electric automobile car vehicles discharge cell electric vehicle and pursuing two-prolonged saturnine Drive initiatives which localise on fuel faculty and the development of secondary fuel vehicles as a fundamental solution for climate change energy security. In the future, HMC pore on vehicles that run on various bio fuels. For the U.S. and Brazil markets, HMC develops flex-fuel vehicles that run on a mixture of grain alcohol and toutoline. In Europe, where diesel cars are sold in eaverageous proportion, the EU has a set of technical standards for diesel fuels with biodiesel content make of palm, rapeseed, soybean and other plant imaginations, and all HMCs models are clear of running on diesel fuel mixed with biodiesel.Remarkable success since 2007In 2007, HMC received subject Environmental trouble Awards Presidents apprise and sales in US exceed 5 million units its products i30 selected as Car of the family in Australia Accent (Verna) selected as Best Car of the Year by the Indian automobile magazine Overdrive Azera ( gmeur) ranks first in J.D. Power and Associates consumer satisfaction survey.In 2008, HMC received Global Green Management Excellence Award, Global Reporting Initiative Award it bedded first in National Customer Service Index (NCSI) for eighth year in a row, Avante (Elantra) exceeds 5 million units in accumulated salesIn 2009, HMC was selected as Best Company in terms of customer satisfaction in the automaker category by a consumer research free radical in China it ranked Top 60 in Global Brand Value by Business Week and selected as Best Marketer of the Year in the US Its product i30 and Grand Starex awarded as Best Cars in Australia for the second consecutive year TAU engine selected as master of US Wards AutoWorld 2009 10 Best Engines for the second consecutive year received Presidential Prize at the 2009 Korea New Technologies Award.In 2010, HMC placed in the Top 100 Global Brands in 2010 establish on a joint study conducted by Business Week and Interbrand and was named Carmaker of the Year by AM, UKs leading auto trade magazine, in the AM Awards 2010. The TAU 4.6 engine was selected as a winner of the 2010 10 Best Engines of the US automotive media Wards AutoWorld f or the second consecutive year.Corporate rightCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR) was the key return key in company society relations. CSR has taken a core position of Hyundai Motor included three areas trust-based focussing, environmental charge, and well-disposed share. For trust-based management, HMC focused on labor party relations enhancement, mutually beneficial cooperation with suppliers, ethics management and transparent management. As for environmental management, HMC proactively replyed to global trends and environment regulations.For social contribution, HMC enlarged its capacity and obtained expertise to effectively carry out global social contribution projects and participated in volunteering programs, contributed to development of local communities. In 2007, HMC established the Hyundai Motor Global CSR Network with primary take and sales subsidiaries around the world and also laid foundations by promoting global CSR activities and by developing and possible action the Global CSR vane site for information exchange.Challenge of sustainabilitySustainable development satisfies the needs of the present times without compromising the chance for future generations to satisfy theirs Brudtland Report (1987).Enhancement of stakeholder value through achieving economic profits, environmental soundness, and the fulfillment of social responsibilities in corporate activities with a long-term perspective is the goal of sustainable management. To social and political sustainability, HMC has increase value to stakeholders through engagement and collaboration. To economic sustainability, HMC has responded to fast-ever-changing demands of global customers by fully utilizing strategically placed production and RD facilities and fulfilled fundamental responsibility as a corporation by sharing economic value with various stakeholders including shareholders, investors, employees and suppliers.To environmental sustainability, HMC has tackled the twin challe nges of climate change and energy security by developing green technology. HMC develops environmentally-friendly vehicles and the establishment of economic crisis carbon value chains to achieving reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, HMC has established a comprehensive hazardous materials management system and making effort to calumniate impact on air quality.Climate changeClimate change is the most grave issue to be tackled among five core Environmental Management Areas including Recycling and reuse, Air pollution, Hazardous materials, Environment Management System, Climate change. Since increased consumers preferences for low carbon products, therefore, HMC has invested a large amount of resources into the vehicle energy might improvement technologies. HMC has established and implemented a comprehensive environmental strategy throughout the entire lifecycle of products.Its sacrilegious Drive is a strategy that focuses on fuel efficiency improvement of vehicles power by congenital combustion engine and the supply of zero emission vehicles in the future. Facing to multiplied challenges of climate change, HMC has striving to develop vehicle that run on various bio-fuels and hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicle, environmentally friendly vehicles and the establishment of low carbon value chains to achieve reduction in green house gas emission. As a first achievement, HMC is the worlds first LPG interbreeding vehicle using proprietary technologies in July 2009 and release in the North American market and the domestic market in 2010.Engages with external stakeholdersHMC conducts business in an open transparent manner to earn and oblige the trust of all relevant stakeholders including shareholders and investors, customers, suppliers, government and communities. HMC have been sharing relevant information with all stakeholders via its sustainability hatch since 2003. HMC also tries to promote fair trade, mutually beneficial t ransaction with business its partners.With customers, HMC has been operating a customer improvement center that handles customer complaints and inquiries for improving customer satisfaction, reflect customer opinions about product and service by means of including regularly scheduled customer satisfaction surveys, customer services hotlines. The success of a surprisingly bold campaign with a spick-and-span assurance program, which guaranteed customers to be able to return impertinently bought cars with no credit damage in the case they lose their income a middle the still prevailing fiscal crisis.For suppliers, HMC created the reciprocally Beneficial Cooperation Fund and a number of win-win supplier support programs designed to ensure shared growth with suppliers. In 2008, HMC signed a fair trade agreement with approximately 2,400 suppliers to further increase forthrightness and transparency collaboration with parts suppliers its essential in achieving high product quality in au tomobiles.HMC has made a sustainable effort to maximize shareholders and investors value through the increasing value of HMC by gold dividends most important means of sharing company profits. In 2009, HMC declared cash dividends of 1,150 billion KRW per each common share.HMC also paid taxes to central regional government, local union and social distribution get cumulus and launched tailored social contribution activities, organized an active employee volunteer service program which serves as the driving force for Moving the world together social contribution campaign. In 2009, 25,851domestic employees participated in volunteer community service.In conclusion, HMC is more likely to achieve success in the long term by fetching responsibility for the economic, social, ethical and environmental impact of its activities.Crisis ManagementIn 2007, the antitrust agency of Korea fined HMC an amount of $ 25 million for violations in businesses. At the same time, Hyundai chairman Chung Mong-koo came before the court for corrupting from funds $ 96 million and damage more than $ 224 million from 2000 to 2006 to bribe officials for Hyundai facilitate urban expansion in Confederate of Seoul. This incident influenced a lot to the company, especially in long-term strategy, reputation and revenue.The global automotive markets which grow rapidly over the past five years from 2002 to 2007 had sharp-wordedly declines from the steady down of 2008 in consequence of the fiscal crisis. Under extremely severe conditions, automakers run a race for survival in the global market. To respond to the crisis, HMC and other automotive manufacturers must solve liquidity problems urgently and reduction in production cost. And they also have implemented creative marketing strategies to entice unwilling consumers.The global financial downturn in 20089 affected European and Asian automotive manufacturers. The automotive industry was weakened by a substantial increase in the equipment casualtys of automotive fuels linked to the 2003-2008 energy crisis which discouraged purchases of sport utility vehicles (SUVs) and pickup trucks which have low fuel economy. With fewer fuel-efficient models to offer to consumers, sales began to slide. By 2008, the situation had turned critical as the credit crunch placed pressure on the prices of raw materials.The result of the 2008-9 international financial crisis impact almost economic sectors and left a number of banks and other financial institution in severe difficulties, forcing some to collapse. As a result, inter-bank, corporate and personal lending was drastically reduces, share price fell, and all the companies found themselves in financial difficulty. The world economic downturn led to falling sale and profit, exchange rate and share prices and a shortage of credit finance for business and consumers, unemployment and social hardship.As a result, automotive industry is one of the first industries to suffer from the 200 8-9 world recession. Clearly, consumers incomes were falling, business were cutting down on their purchases, credit was in short supply, thus consumers exercised caution and either bought a used car instead a new one. It is not therefore surprising that there was a significant fall in the demand for new cars. In some state of matter, Government responded to the situation by offering financial incentives to persuade consumers to buy new cars. So HMC focused on making effort to make economizing fuel vehicles with minimize cost to rate customers need and have implemented creative marketing strategies to entice reluctant consumers as most experienced double-digit percentage declines in sales.Although the worlds automotive market corpse sluggish, and some of the worlds largest carmakers have been sorely tested on how to survive, HMC has weathered the global crisis relatively well. In the midst of the global crisis, Hyundai planned a standalone strategy, because their product line up i s not judge to synergistic effects through MA. Despite difficult market conditions, in 2010, HMC succeeded in increasing its sales and strengthening its internal capacity.Strategy over the past few yearsHMC developed five midand longterm strategies global management, higher brand values, business innovation, environmental management, and strengthening product warlikeness. Especially, HMC selected environmental management as to meet the needs of markets and to fulfill stakeholder expectations and the society. HMC also intends to promote sustainability development and preservation of the environment.Blue Drive is HMCs low carbon green technology strategy designed to reduce carbonic acid gas emissions by boosting fuel efficiency. Blue Drive also stands for HMCs technology development strategy focus on improving fuel efficiency of internal combustion engine-based cars, and with an ultimate goal of developing vehicles with zero CO2 emissions. HMC has focus on three technology areas for improving energy efficiency of the power-train energy efficiency improvement, minimizing energy loss, and creating renewable energy in order to lower CO2 emissions from vehicles.In Europe, HMC succeeded in low CO2 emissions products including the Blue Drive variant of the i30 diesel model, Blue Drive variants, the i10, the i20, the i30, and the Tucson ix blue. In the US, HMC is the most fuel efficient brand with an average combined (passenger vehicle-light truck) fuel efficiency. In the domestic market, a great number of vehicle models including the Click(Getz), the Verna(Accent), the i30, the Avante (Elantra), the Tucson(Diesel model), and the Santa Fe(diesel model) earned a first class energy efficiency.HMC has expanded its vehicle lineup by including more luxury sedans and eco-friendly cars in order to keep up its strong performance in the U.S. market. HMC sold more than 500,000 vehicles in the USA in 2010 and it is the highest number of cars it has ever sold in a single year s ince tapping into the U.S. market in 1986. HMC have been aggressively pushing into China as the country has become the worlds largest automobile market. As its first achievement, HMC launched the worlds first LPG-Hybrid vehicles, the Elantra LPi Hybrid, which is developed using proprietary technologies in 2009 and released the Sonata Hybrid in the North American market in 2010 and in the domestic market in 2011.HMCs high product quality innovation was proven in engine technologythe heart of an automobile. Its technical capabilities and the development of high fuel efficiency-related technologies become a trustworthy global environmental leader. Under the philosophy of putting quality first, over 5% of its revenues are invested into RD to honorable world-leading quality, marketability and technology.HMC has already taken environmentally-friendly investments and research that have resulted in a range of innovative breakthroughs from fuel-saving technology to new materials and respon sible treatment of end-of-life vehicles. By adding blast furnaces to its operations, HMC was able to complete what it calls resource circulating business organise that goes from molten iron to automobiles, and from scrap back to unprocessed steel.Since its first concept model Blue leave in 2009 with light-weight bodies made of carbon-fiber, a panoramic sunroof with solar cells minimizing power loss, HMC will launch plug-in hybrid (PHEV) and electric vehicle (NEV) are optimized for in-city use, especially well-fitted for commutes and short trips.Innovative vehicles that pioneer changed in the auto industry through continuous investment in RD and advanced dealer network programs and highly recognized for its sharp sales increase, first-rate dealership programs, and growth in brand awareness. HMC beat other candidates including Ford, Jaguar, and Landrover to be selected as the winner of the coveted title.Vision, Mission, GoalsHyundai Motor Company has grown rapidly to become one of t he largest automobile companies with global top five production capability and superior quality, reaching a tipping point the qualitative approach, bringing bigger ideas and relevant solutions to its customers. At this opportunity to move ahead, HMC have developed a new brand slogan that encapsulates the willingness to take the next big step up. Led by new slogan and the thinking behind, HMC will become a company that keep challenging ourselves to open up new possibilities for people and the planet.HMC established a long-term mental imagery of Innovation Humanity and selected five core strategies directions including a global orientation, respect for human values, customer satisfaction, technology innovation and cultural creation. HMC desires to create an automobile finis of putting customer first via developing humancentered and environmentfriendly technological innovation.HMC vision is to secure world-best innovations and raise its profile as a premium automaker. Its quest also includes making this world a better place for all by popularizing next generation eco-friendly technologies and creating a new auto- nuance through people-centered technologies that move customers hearts.HMC goal is to become a respected global company that contributed the creation of an automobile consumer culture that respects customers need and innovation in environmental technology that minimize the environmental impact of automobile.HMCs success, watched fast worldwide, is a result of continuous and aggressive innovations that have been implemented on behalf of our customers. HMC considers its most important mission to bring the enjoyment of elegance and confidence to its customers, rather than just selling products. Hyundai strives to bring its customers luxury and style. Therefore, Hyundai will continue to stabilize its global management by establishing an effective cooperation system among production bases around the world. HMCs management goal is customeroriented manageme nt and continuous execution of global management.Motivation employeesHMC has human resource management policy with fairness and reasonableness as the guiding principle, ensuring protection of human right and maximizing employees satisfaction at the work place. HMC does not discriminate against its employees or job applicant on the hind end of race, age, religion, sea, nationality, physical characteristic or any other facture for all personal decisions including producement, placement, evaluation, compensation, readiness, rank or promotion.HMC respect the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and fully comply with related laws and international labor practice norm including the UN Global Compact principles and ILO guidelines. HMC provide fair compensation for all work at our business sites fit in to the work guidelines, compensation policy and relevant laws. Also, HMC have created an ethics charter that calls for respect of the right of all workers.HMC focus in increasing health service for workers in the older age group, implementation of policies to recruit and support female employees and provision of more employment opportunity to non-Korean nationals and people with disability improve working conditions for female workers, HMC offer benefits including monthly days off and 90 day maternity leave. Some operation sites offer childcare centers for working mother as well. HMC ensures employees safety pre-assessment, accident prevention activities, increased investment in safety-related facilities and safety training. Therefore, HMC pursue a long-term relationship that is mutually beneficial to twain employees and management.Desirability as an employeeI would like to work for HMC because HMC is a leading global automaker with competitive edge in product quality, innovation, appealing to the ever-growing emerging markets, as well as the rapidly changing global market. Moreover, it contributes to society, as part of our global corporate responsibility, as wel l as to secure leading for future growth through environmental management, forging the way for green growth and the development of world-class eco-friendly vehicles. Actually HMC is an ideal work place, safe and healthy working environment because of its human resource management policy with fairness and reasonableness to ensure human right protection and maximizing employees satisfaction.HMC regards employees as important assets for corporate growth so it has established the HMC ethics charter, the employee code of conduct, and the Guideline on Ethical Business Practices to help employees make the correct decision in the business conduct. It endeavors to provide all employees with environment training program. HMC is stepping up efforts to ensure fairness in HR decisions, to introduce a rational compensation system, to get together with the UN Global Compact for human rights protection, talent development, welfare improvement, and health and safety enhancement.ReferencesMain sour ces Hyundai Motor Company. available from http//worldwide.hyundai.com Accessed 4th March 2011The road to Sustainability-Hyundai. Available from www.worldwide.hyundai.com/Web/C_Sustainability_down/2010_reports.pdf Accessed 8th March 2011The road to sustainability Hyundai. Available from worldwide.hyundai.com/Web/C_Sustainability_down/2010_reports.pdf Accessed 8th March 2011Global Crisis Enables Hyundai to Grow Bigger, 04-21-2010 1937, Available from http//www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/ word of honor/biz/2010/11/294_64620.html Accessed 9th March 2011Hyundai Motor joins top 3, in Fortune Korea 500 10-24-2010 1854. Available from http//www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2011/02/123_75131.html Accessed 9th March 2011PART 2 Critically discuss the contention that Leaders are born(p) not madeLeadership is the process of influencing people towards achievement of organization goals (Naylor J. (2004) 2nd ed. Management, Harlow. Prentice-Hall)

Bottled Water Essay Example for Free

Bottled wet EssayThe trend of carrying and consuming pissing bottles has expenditly increase in late years, and its popularity has hit an all toldtime peak. More and more(prenominal) people atomic number 18 using bottled pee beca wont of its easy assecability, and its conveince. Unaw are to most, the useage of bottled wet has dire effects on the environs, and itself can post several wellness risks. Although bottled pissing can serve as a prominent convience, the harm it causes to the environment outweights its convience immensly and contrary to popular belief, bottled piss system is often no healthier than criticise pee. despite perceptions that bottled weewee is healthier than smash water system, more times than not, it is not amd bottled water has much more lienant rules when it coifs to ordinance their water. Bottled water whitethorn be no safer, or healthier, than topple water in many countries mend selling for up to 1,000 times the price, the World Wild life Fund said. Bottled water continues to increase its revenue, and is the fastest growing crapulence manufacturing in the world, worth up to $22 billion a year. More than half of all Americans drink bottled water, and about a third of the public consumers bottled water on a regular basis. The increased sale of bottled water has been fueled by ads on television or in magazines of luxurious mountains and beauitful glaciers with cyrstal nominate springs flowing with the so called purified water. In reality tho, bottled water is not necessarily regulated better or safer than most tap water. The marketing of bottled water is often misleading, implying that water comes from pure springs, when it does not.According to government and industry estmates, about one fourth of botled water is bottled tap water, which is by some accounts as much as fourty percent tap water. The FDAs rules exepmt 60-70 percent of the bottled water that is sold in the United States from the bottled water stand ards, because FDA said Its rules do not apply to water packed and sold within the same state. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) is responsible for defend and promoting public health through the regulation and supervision of food safety, tobacco products, dietary supplements, etc. The FDA besides expmets carbonated water and many other waters sold in bottles from its bottled water standards, unless applying a vague sanitation rule that failed to set any specific defilement limits.Contrary to popular belief, the FDAs rules are weaker in many ways than EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) rules that apply to tap water. The EPA is responsible for protecting human health and the environment by writing and enforcing regulations passed by Congress, and it oversees specially big city tap water. Due to bottled water companies not follwing EPA rules and regulations, their water can be more harmful than tap water. For instance, city tap water can contain no E. coli or fecal coliform bacteria, bacteria that serve as indicators of contamination. The FDA follows no such rule and a certain amount of any type of bacteria is allowed in tap water. Bottled water plants must test for coliform bacteria just once a week, as big city tap water must be tested more 100 times a month.City tap water must meet standards for certain important toxic chemicals such as phthalate, which can come from charge plate, including water bottles. On the other hand, bottled water is analogouswise exempt from follwoing this rule. Also, cities must test at to the lowest degree once every four months for many chemical contaminants, water bottlers generally must test only annually. Cities must guard their water tested by government-certified labs such certified testing is not lot for bottled water. Although bottled water on the surface appeasr to be healthier to drink, it is quite the opposite and stricter rules for the regulation of bottled water should be placed to ensure the safety their consumers.People around the world believe that water is clearner and safer to drink than tap water. This has goed into a multi-billion industry of retailing bottled water, further consequently leads to millions of water bottles being produced every year. Although these water bottles are recycable, it is not smart to recycle these plastics die to the chemical componets that manufacture them. As a result of caboodle producing these water bottles, it has a serious effect on the environme and millions of empty water bottles end up in landfills every year. One of the harmful effects it has on the environment is it can cause vulgarism contamination as time passes on, and this is mainly due to the chemical the bottle is made up with. These chemicals contaminate the soil and as a result, can also affect the surrounding plants grwoth because of the contamination.In addition, ground water may end up sinling deeper into the ground and ultimately reaching the ground water reservoir, m eaning that natural water resources are being wasted due to the disposal of these water bottles. exclaimed Joe Hartz. Production of plastic used for water bottles take a lot of energy and resources which can also have negative effects on the environment. Professor Alan Hunt said Since there is more power requirements for production means more fogy fuel is potentially used to achieve the production of water bottles. This can lead to heavily drain of fossil fuel resources. Add to that the fact that more energy and resources are needed from production to patch production of these water bottles which can be considered as a waste of limited energy resources. some other harmful way water bottles hurt the environment is emit pollutants and as a direct result make the air more hamrful to breathe.The industrial plants in which these water bottles are being made also produce other harmful wastes that are harmful to the environment. Bottled water produces up to 1.5 million tons of plastic w aste per year. According to Food and Water Watch,plastic requires up to 47 million gallons of oil per year to produce. And magical spell the plastic used to bottle beverages is of high quality and in demand by recyclers. Also, recent studies have shown The Plastics Symbol no. 7 is a recent concern worldwide on discovery that massive numbers of no.7 plastics are made with Polycarbonate plastic which, experimentally were found to leach bisphenol A.This chemical is a know hormonal disruptor causing miscarriages and birth defects according to a study conducted by Case Western hold back scientists.Although bottled water serves as a great convience, there is many cheap and effective alternatives to carry water and stop the production of water bottles. One way is to buy a distiller or filter to use at home. Distillers are very effective at reducing the levels of most chemicals, except organic chemicals. The distiller boils the water and condenses the steam, removing any contaminants and most chemicals in the process. Filters also serve as a great alternative to bottled water, as it traps differentiateicles in a porous material while allowing water to pass through. In this process, it is reducing particles like sand and rust. Although drinking water in the vast majority of homes meets the Environmental Protection Agencys standards for quality, some homeowners use point-of-use water filtration systems to help reduce certain contaminants.Most typically, carbon filters are installed on faucets or used in pitchers or bottles. Filter devices are relatively inexpensive and the now invigorated and purified water can be put into a reuseable stainless steel or aluminum water bottle. These reusable bottles are a cheap alternative and puts back the ease, comfort, and convience of a water bottle but without hurting the environemnt in any way. Another way to help prevent bottled water hurting the environment is making it into a deposit. In doing this, it would encourage more people to recycle the water bottles, as only 20 percent of people currently recycle the water bottles. This would help dramtically cut back on water bottles being put into a landfill, and ultimately saving the environment also and putting silver back into the consumers pocket.All these alternatives are act as a great alternative, as they do not harm the environemnt, and in the ache run actually save the consumer money. Not only does an in-home filter or distiller only censt ten cents a gallon, it also provides a safer taste than bottled water. Some colleges are starting to take note of this, as bottled water is trickling away from college campuses nationwide, due to the effort of passionate students and non-profits groups. In addition to removing bottled water from vending machines, stores and cafeterias, students have pushed for reusable bottle hand-outs, water fountains, and filling stations. Were really trying to make it part of the student culture to carry a water bottle, says Clare Pillsbury, a Senior at Macalester.In conclusion, recent studies have shown the harm and the uncleainess of bottled water simply does not outweight its convience. There are many other alternatives that provide cleaner and healthier water than bottled water does. These alternatives also do not harm the environment, and in the long run actually save the consumer money and better circualate the economy. Filtered water or distilled water provide the consumer with a more than adequate source of water,and at this point and time, there is no better choice for rightness and a more economically safer choice than filtered tap water.

Comparison of Reports Essay Example for Free

Comparison of constitutions EssayThe ability to read and write reports is an essential attainment in todays world. Therefore we need to acquaint ourselves with the lead briny types of reports Informational, Analytical, and Proposals. Informational reports mainly nominate facts and figures while analytical reports go one step further and provide an analysis of the facts presented. Proposals are unremarkably prior to writing a full-blown report and contain the methods on how a trusted take on is to be undertaken. No matter what our occupation is, one thing we forget surely deal with is reports whether it be reading and evaluating them or writing them. Therefore it is of sizeableness for a person to be acquainted with three main types of reports Informational Reports, Analytical Reports, and Proposals. The most basic report is the informational report. As its name implies, an informational reports main purpose and goal is to provide information in the form of facts, figur es, or observations on a authoritative subject so that the reader will have a better understanding of the subject matter. For informational reports, it is truly important to have accurate and significant facts gained from credible sources.An analytical report is similar to an informational report in that it also contains significant and informative facts gained from credible sources but it goes a step further because the author presents an analysis of the information cited in an effort to come up with ways of solving the recognize. Usually the author will present facts and figures regarding the subject and then will provide a detailed analysis of these facts and figures in order to shed more light on the subject of the report. (Shurter et al. , 1965)A proposal on the other circulate is something that is usually written prior to making a report or a study and states the importance or significance of undertaking that study. (Brown 1955) A proposal is similar to an informational r eport in that it must allow in preliminary sources where facts can be gained from. It is similar to an analytical report in the sense that it usually tackles an issue and it proposes to use a certain methodology or framework in which to analyze the data and thereby draw conclusions from.The main purpose for writing a proposal is if you want to undertake a certain study or report and wish to get a professionals opinion and advice on your idea for a report or to gain funding from different sponsors. Reference List Brown, L. (1955). Effective Business Report Writing. Wisconsin Prentice-Hall. Shurter, R. L. , Williamson J. P. , Broehl, W. G. (1965). Business Research and Report Writing. California University of California.

Pay Equity In Labor Force Movement Essay Example for Free

Pay Equity In excavate Force Movement EssayDebates approximately womens rights at snip and the grammatical gendered dimensions of duty in comparison were worthy and contested features of Canadian political discourse throughout the second half of the twentieth century. Concern approximately these reveals took root during the 1940s, when women experienced dramatic shifts in their vocation opportunities as a result of being raddled into and advancedr jettisoned from the reserve army of wartime lug. Pressure to improve womens practice session conditions, particularly in the burgeoning cosmos sector, recurred in the mid-1950s. However, it was in the sixties, once the second wave of womens liberation movement took root in Canada, that women began to develop a sustained critique of the barter inequalities they experienced and pressure their g solely overnments to address the problem through policy origination and change. (Westhues, 45-58) From the outset of second-wav e feminism, women disposed analyses of betrothal inequality that took eyeshade of their outwear in twain the public and municipal playing areas.As Brockman noted, activists drew attention, as had never been done before, to the fundamental incompatibility between reproductive lying-in and chela bang, on the one hand, and give work on the separate, as well as to the ponderous consequences of this incompatibility. (Brockman, 78-93) spot liberal, radical, and socialist feminists started this issue from different ideological vantage points, they sh ared a common look that the causes of gender inequality in employment were not rooted solely in the workplace.Only, they claimed, if questions some womens employment in the public sphere were addressed in tandem with questions about their labor in the domestic sphere would the gendered dimensions of employment inequality be fully understood. In particular, feminists thought that womens motherlike work had to be issued in dis cussions about promoting gender equality in the workplace.As Westhues, a well-known socialist feminist, once argued, As long as women pretend the primary responsibility for criminal maintenance of the home and for electric razor business concern, we pull up stakes be less than able to pursue job opportunities and our domestic commitments will be used to justify discriminatory employment practices. (Westhues, 45-58) Growing awareness of the need to link questions about production and reproduction in analyses of womens economic position was by no reputes funny to Canadian feminism.It was, for example, well open up in the early writing of second-wave feminists in Britain and the United States. What did, however, distinguish Canadian feminists from their counterparts in these other liberal democracies was an ability to work to doher, despite ideological differences, in order to advance this double-edged critique of gender inequality in employment. Right from the start of the co ntemporary womens movement, Canadian feminists engaged with the state, demanding policies that recognized the link between womens employment opportunities and the provision of child care.Canadian feminists lobbied both federal official and provincial governments about the need to improve womens employment opportunities and expand the provision of child care. It was in the federal arena, however, that women (outside Quebec) focused their demands for the ontogeny of policies that acknowledged the link between these two issues. In virtu solelyy respects, this federal focus was surprising. After all, only one-tenth of the Canadian labor speciality is regulated by the federal government, and even at the start of second-wave feminism both federal and provincial governments had been involved in employment opportunity and child care initiatives.Moreover, even though the federal government has the constitutional competency to use its spending power to underwrite the provision of state-s ubsidized child care, it is the provinces that retain constitutional control over the delivery of this service. The federal focus of womens campaigns was encouraged by the fact that the renaissance of Canadian feminism occurred within the context of a broader social project to achieve universal welfare guarantees, assured by the Canadian state.It was reinforced by the government of Canadas decision to establish the 1967 Royal Commission on the Status of Women (RCSW) to inquire how best the federal government could ensure that women enjoyed equal opportunities with men in all aspects of Canadian society. It has since been sustained by the work of activists in national organizations, in particular the National attain Committee on the Status of Women (NAC), founded in 1972, and the Canadian Day Care Advocacy Association (CDCAA), established in 1982 and renamed the Child Care Advocacy Association of Canada (CCAAC) in 1992.However, despite a long account of feminist engagement with the federal state, womens repeated campaigns for the development of policies to address the double-edged nature of gender inequality in employment, and the clear recognition of these demands in reports of royal commissions and task forces, the federal policy receipt has been uneven. Policies to eradicate sex discrimination at work and assist womens employment opportunities affirm been unquestionable and implemented in the federal policy sphere.By contrast, the federal government has not developed policies to promote a publicly funded system of child care in order to enhance womens employment opportunities, save as emergency measures during the Second World War or as an element of broader initiatives to fascinate welfare mothers out to work. Instead it has treated child care as a fiscal issue for which parents can receive subsidies through federal taxation.This paper examines why a double-edged interpretation of womens employment inequality, which recognizes the public and domestic dimensions of womens work, has not been fully absorbed into federal policies to promote gender equality in the sphere of employment. The analysis follows the development of debates about womens rights at work from the stopover of reconstruction after the Second World War, when questions about eradicating employment discrimination against worker-citizens first emerged in Canadian political debate, through to the close of the twentieth century.It examines federal policy developments under Liberal and Conservative governments, show that even though the reports of federal royal commissions and task forces encoded feminist demands for a double-edged attack on employment inequality, questions about promoting womens employment equality and child care were continually driven isolated in the federal policy process.Womens Paid and Caring WorkWhile this is by no means the first time that scholars have considered the relationship between Canadian womens work within and outside the home, it is noticeable how the link between these two aspects of womens labor was explored by historians and sociologists before being addressed by analysts of public policy. In the late 1970s, members of the Womens History Collective at the Ontario lay down for Studies in Education and the Clio Collective in Montreal pioneered research in Canada on how womens labor had shifted from the volunteer(a) domestic sphere into the world of paid employment.In the process, they unearthed textual and oral histories that demonstrated how, despite this transition, women solace faced the double bind of a double-day in which they went out to work for pay and home to work for love. Their findings were reinforced in late 1970s and 1980s by sociological analyses of womens work parameter that because women so a good deal entered employment while maintaining primary responsibility for the care of their children, they frequently found themselves tough in low-paid, low-status employment.Despite the fact t hat historians, sociologists, and feminist activists drew attention to the double ghetto of womens work lives, discussions about policies to promote womens employment opportunities and improve the provision of child care evolved as distinct profound debates. The literature on policies to promote Canadian womens employment opportunities emerged within the context of broader discussions and debates about the development of policies to root out discrimination in the workplace.By contrast, the literature on Canadian child care policy evolved around questions about the development, cost, and politics of implementing public policies to promote the welfare, education, care, and development of young children. In fresh years, however, policy analysts have paid much greater attention to the link between womens paid and caring work. Jacobs, 120-128) Nonetheless, no one has yet considered why Canadian government policies to promote womens employment opportunities and improve the provision of child care have been developed at such different evaluate and, despite repeated calls to the contrary, not linked in the design of public policies to promote gender equality in federally regulated employment. This pattern of inquiry is understandable, given the discrete historical development of policies concern with child care and those concerned with womens employment.However, it unduly limits our understanding of the gendered dimensions of employment inequality in Canada and fails to pay off the empirical reality of many womens working lives. Double-Edged Nature of Womens Employment divergence Why did womens double-edged demand for equal employment opportunities and child care emerge in Canada in the 1960s and 1970s? After all, from the mid-1950s Canada experienced one of the fastest rates of labor force feminization in the Western industrialized world.The decline of manufacturing industries and the concomitant growth of the tertiary sector in the 1950s and 1960s meant that while industries that had tralatitiously attracted men closed down, those demanding support skills that had long characterized womens traditional domestic roles expanded. Moreover, in countries like Canada, where welfare states were being established, the growth in womens employment increase most quickly.The much trumpeted rise in female labor force intimacy rates did not, however, mean that women engaged in paid employment on the same terms as men. The occupational separatism of Canadian men and women persisted in both horizontal and vertical forms. In fact, this process intensified with the change magnitude participation of women in the paid labor force. As a result, the vast majority of women found themselves working in poorly paid occupations, situated in the lower echelons of private companies and public sector organizations.Moreover, as Jacobs have noted, although the creation of welfare states meant that women as a group had more than employment opportunities open up for them than men in the mid-twentieth century, the growth in womens employment was in the part-time sector of the labor force, which was increasingly dominated by women in all OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries. Jacobs, 120-128) This simply intensified the inequalities of employment opportunity that women experienced because part-time work is concentrated in the least-skilled, lowest-paid, and most poorly organized sections of the labor force, where benefits are usually more limited than in the full-time sector.The rapid growth in womens participation in part-time rather than fulltime employment reflects two other factors about the feminization of the Canadian labor force. On the one hand, it relates to the type of work that the service sector has generated and to the increasing flexibility demanded of its employees.On the other hand, it reflects the fact that the greatest increase in female labor force participation rates since the 1960s has been among women with young children. In the early 1960s, most female employees in Canada would leave the workforce when their first child was born and return only when their youngest child had entered school. By the mid-1980s most women with young children went out to work. Indeed, as Pendakur have noted, By 1991 all traces of the reproduction function had disappeared with female labor force participation rates peaking in the major family-rearing age categories.The double burden that women experience from juggling their employment while continuing to care for their children has been reinforced by the limited provision of subsidized child care spaces in Canada. In the late 1960s, when women began to pressure the federal government to address the minimal provision of child care for working women, federal subsidies for child care were limited to support for welfare mothers under the 1966 Canada Assistance Plan.This pattern changed very flyspeck in the course of the twentieth century, alth ough federal subsidies to support child care for low-income families became increasingly tied to efforts to get mothers receiving welfare out to work. Although juvenile federal publications on the status of day care in Canada burn out a twenty-five-fold increase in child care spaces since the government first gathered these data in 1971, in fact the proportion of children of working mothers who have access to regulated child care ashes very low.As a result, most working parents delay highly dependent on informal, unregulated child care. Indeed, as Brockman noted, in the mid-1990s children in informal child care arrangements accounted for eighty per cent of all child care used by parents in Canada. (Brockman, 78-93) The federal state in Canada has addressed questions about promoting equal employment opportunities for men and women in the public sphere with relative ease but has failed to recognize that this project cannot be achieved without addressing the questions of child car e that affect so many womens working lives.While the reasons for this are complex, some insights from feminist theory may help us to begin this exploration. In recent years, a number of feminist theorists have discussed how the concept of worker-citizenship that took root as welfare states were developed in countries such as Canada did not take account of the different contexts in which women and men often fictitious employment. (Pendakur, 111-120)As a result, when questions about promoting equal employment opportunities for men and women began to emerge in the 1950s and 60s, they were border in terms of women achieving the same opportunities as men. Indeed, Canadian have tried to develop a more nuanced concept of worker citizenship that not only respects the objective of equality of opportunity but similarly takes workers particular circumstances into account and, in the case of women, enables them to integrate their paid and caring work better.In the process, women have argued that a state that upholds the principle of gender equality must develop policies that take account of the interconnectedness of the public and domestic spheres and recognize the different contexts in which men and women often assume employment. finishing Nonetheless, although Canadian feminists have a long history of active engagement with the state, developed through a visible and articulate womens movement that has successfully placed issues on the political agenda, the result, more often than not, has been that their demands have been contained within a limited set of reforms.As a result, those aspects of gender discrimination in the workplace that concern practices within the public sphere have been acknowledged through the introduction of anti-discrimination and employment equity policies. By contrast, women have had more difficulty getting their proposals for policies that transcend the public/ private divide, by linking questions of equal employment opportunity with those of child care, acknowledged in the federal policy arena.Despite their efforts to constitute these links through two major royal commissions and other government inquiries, problems of gender inequality in employment are still primarily defined as issues located within the public sphere of employment. Without doubt, over the past thirty years there have been clear improvements in the position of women in the federally regulated section of the Canadian labor force. Nonetheless, women continue to cluster in the lower echelons of companies and organizations and remain under-represented in more senior positions.While this persistent pattern of inequality has many causes, paper shows how it reflects a federal policy process that concentrates on ensuring the comparable treatment of male and female employees once they have entered the labor market, yet, for complex reasons, repeatedly stalls on developing a more expansive approach to child care. As a result, federal policies to promote gende r equality in the sphere of employment neglect the inequalities of access and participation that many women experience as they continue or resume employment once they have dependent children.